Introduction:
If you’re living in Turkey or planning to move there for education, work, marriage, or investment, one essential step you can’t overlook is the official translation of your documents. In many cases, it’s not enough to simply translate the content — the translation must be of a specific type recognized by government or institutional bodies.
In Turkey, two main types of official translations are used:
- Sworn Translation (Yeminli Tercüme)
- Certified Translation
Although the names may sound similar, the differences between them are crucial in terms of legal recognition and the types of institutions that accept them.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll cover:
- The key differences between sworn and certified translations
- When each type is required
- The authorities that accept them
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Practical tips to ensure your translation is accepted the first time
What is Certified Translation?
Certified translation is carried out by a professional translator, usually working within a licensed translation office, and it guarantees accuracy and fidelity to the original document. However, it does not include notarization or any legal endorsement by a notary public.
When is a certified translation used?
- Translating your CV/resume for job applications
- Translating websites or marketing content
- Personal or informal document translations
- Any use where official notarization is not required
Advantages:
- Faster processing
- Lower cost than sworn translation
- Sufficient for non-governmental purposes
Disadvantages:
- Not accepted for official or legal transactions
- No legal or official stamp or approval
What is Sworn Translation?
Sworn translation, known in Turkish as Yeminli Tercüme, is executed only by a translator who has taken an official oath before a Turkish notary and is officially registered as a sworn translator. This type of translation holds full legal weight and is formally recognized.
Key characteristics:
- Signed and stamped by the sworn translator
- Notarized by a Turkish notary public
- Accepted by all official Turkish institutions
When do you need a sworn translation?
- Applying for Turkish residence or citizenship
- Civil marriage at Turkish municipalities
- Enrolling in schools or universities
- Court or legal proceedings
- Business registration or official commercial use
- Submitting papers to the population directorate or migration office
Advantages:
- Legally valid and officially recognized
- Required for all critical and sensitive processes
Disadvantages:
- Higher cost than certified translations
- Requires additional time for notarization
Side-by-Side Comparison: Sworn vs. Certified Translation
| Criteria | Certified Translation | Sworn Translation |
| Performed by | A professional translator or agency | A sworn translator authorized by a notary |
| Requires notarization | No | Yes |
| Usage | Non-official purposes | Official/legal use |
| Accepted by government | No | Yes |
| Cost | Lower | Higher |
| Time needed | Faster | Slightly longer due to notary process |
Real-Life Examples:
Scenario 1: Foreign Student Enrollment at Turkish University
The university requires sworn translation of high school diploma, transcripts, and birth certificate. Certified translation is not accepted because the documents lack a notary stamp.
Scenario 2: Opening a Bank Account for a Foreign Business
The bank requests notarized, sworn translation of company registration documents to ensure their legal validity in Turkey.
Scenario 3: Translating a Business Website
Certified translation is sufficient as the purpose is commercial content, not legal submission.
How to Know Which Type You Need?
The golden rule:
“If your document is going to an official or governmental institution, choose sworn translation. If it’s for personal or informal use, certified translation is enough.”
To avoid mistakes:
- Ask the receiving institution what type of translation they accept.
- Consult a professional translation office.
- Do not translate sensitive documents on your own or with unofficial freelancers.
Can Certified Translation Be Converted into Sworn Translation?
No. A certified translation cannot simply be stamped by a notary. The document must be re-translated by a sworn translator and go through the official notarization process.
Tips to Avoid Translation Rejection:
- Ensure your name matches exactly with your passport spelling
- Double-check all numbers and dates
- Never edit the translated file after receiving it
- Keep both digital and hard copies with the notary stamp
Conclusion:
Distinguishing between sworn and certified translation in Turkey is of critical importance, as it directly affects the acceptance of documents and the progress of legal and official procedures. Each type of translation has its specific role, and using the correct one according to the requirements of the relevant authority is essential.
At Trans Turk, we provide both sworn and certified translation services through a team of professionally accredited translators officially registered with Turkish institutions. We ensure accurate and reliable translations that fully comply with official standards, helping to expedite your processes and guarantee the acceptance of your documents without delay.
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